Problems Associated With Geography And Economic...

Do you agree that twentieth century divergence in economic development across countries was largely the result of geographic factors? The traditional view associated with geography and economic development across countries is that distance has played a huge role in creating disparities in terms of location . However, this interpretation is questioned by some who note that the failure of developing economies can be attributed to the persistent problem of institutional failure, which prevents individuals and the economy as a whole from growing. Although this warrants a possible claim, ultimately it should be noted that the failure and inadequacy of institutions in LDCs compared to MEDCs can still be traced to geography. Hence, I believe that twentieth century divergence in economic development across countries was largely the result of geographic factors. Distance determines the level of access that people have to export markets and the access that suppliers have to domestic markets . Greater access to exports gives the ability for a population to experience a variety of different goods and services, which in turn enhances their welfare. By the same notion a population with limited access to export markets are more liable to experience lower levels of choice between what goods and services to purchase. The implication is that if suppliers are unable to easily access a particular economy, factors of production may be unable to be substituted for cheaper alternatives. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Global Economy Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesglobal environment are bound up with one another. Environmental change is a consequence of economic development. Environmental change and its consequent health impacts are driven by economic growth, population growth and urbanization. It has been shown that it is possible to manage economic growth in ways that preserve environmental quality and enhance human health. Achieving the benefits of economic development while minimizing its harmful impacts will require an increased awareness of links betweenRead MoreTraditional Trade Theory, New Economic Geography Theory And The Interplay Between Globalization And Competition1602 Words   |  7 Pagesover-concentration of services; traditional trade theory, new trade theory, new economic geography theory and the interplay between globalisation and competition. It is from this four factors in which the negative effects of the over-concentration of services are created. These negative effects will be discussed and analysed in a bid to understand what can done to reduce them. Polycentricity and territorial cohesion policy, and the measures associated with their implications, are identified as the tools for reducingRead MoreThe role of government in fostering intermodal transport innovation:1012 Words   |  5 Pagesrole of freight trans portation as an agent of economic development and efficiency of the freight system, and to reduce the negative environmental and health externalities, and congestion, produced by freight transportation activity† (Knoning H. Nijkamp, 2008). The author also explained and shows that the absence of intermodal innovation initiatives in the United States and that the analysis may provide proof and insights into how to tackle the problem of defining, implementing intermodal innovationRead MoreExecutive Band at Ge1037 Words   |  5 Pagesprovided them with a clear career progress path thereby motivating them to perform better and helped management better identify star performers. Crotonville: In order to cater to the management development duties, Crotonville University provided exclusive Management, Executive Leadership development programmes. EMS and Session C: Feedback sessions were used to identify ‘high potential’ employees who were then groomed for CEO roles by being made part of a holistic process that required them toRead MoreGeography : El Salvador s Geography1330 Words   |  6 PagesGeography: El Salvador s geography is very diverse, most of the land is plains and flat land but it is bordered by a chain of mountains. El Salvador is known as the Land of Volcanoes, it has frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. It is the only country in Central America that does not have a coastline on the Caribbean Sea, (National Geographic). There are about 20 active volcanoes surrounding El Salvador, it is located on The Ring of Fire. There are two mountain ranges that circle aroundRead MoreThe Reasons for Global Inequality1428 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Global Inequality Global Inequality has been and will remain to be an ever pressing issue of concern across many subjects and specifically that of economics. The industrial revolution and globalization are great catalysts to why some nations are so rich and others so poor as they allowed for competition and specialization. There are many other factors as to why certain nations are poor and others rich, arguably historical reasons, structural reasons, abundance of resources and fops, lack of diversificationRead MoreThe Brazilian National Standards Organization975 Words   |  4 Pages(SOP), and technical/sequential instructions†, which are the framework presented in the Brazilian legislation RDC 216/2004 (conformity of food services units with legislation, 2015). The Safety Food Program, which was developed in 1998, allows the development of methodologies and content as well as education and training of technical professionals. In recent years, it has been extended to the entire supply chain (Fo od Safety in Feeding Services: A Requirement in Brazil, 2013, Senai, 2009). These professionalsRead MoreTemporal Variation Of Municipal Water Quality2031 Words   |  9 PagesSpatio-Temporal Variation in Municipal Water Quality in Abuja, Nigeria 1Abiola Kassim Abayomi ¹*, Olanrewaju Lawal ² and Medugu Nasiru Idris3  ¹and 3 Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba Campus, Port Harcourt. *kassima2013@gmail.com Abstract A total number of Eighty eight water samples were collected at differentRead MoreWestern Democracies And The Middle East And North Africa1923 Words   |  8 Pagescontested across the world. It is easy to argue that there are examples of both successful democracies and dictatorships (especially in regards to the Middle East and the North Africa region), as well as examples of those that are failing, particularly in an economic sense. Whilst it is indeed argued that the introduction of democracy to many of the Middle Eastern countries may indeed encourage economic development, there are also many arguments as to the benefits that non-democratic countries can achieveRead MoreBrazil Research Paper3949 Words   |  16 PagesThe beginning of Brazils economy started when Portugal colonized the country that is known today as Brazil. The Portuguese were in search of vast riches and they got their first taste of earnings around the 1540’s. With the popularity of sugar cane growing i n Europe, the Portuguese quickly started an agricultural enterprise in their colony. The Portuguese took advantage of the Dutch through their commercial skills and financing; in order to quickly get a foothold and build a small sugar monopoly

Discrimination Race and United States - 1987 Words

Nicholas Blount Tapiarenà © MWF 1-1:50 April 26, 2013 English 100 Final Draft Assimilating vs. Recognizing Ethnic Diversity As children grow up, they become the person they turn out to be because of experiences and the culture and society they grew up in. Nations are affected in the same sense because the people living in a nation affect how the nation is influenced and builds its character. Discrimination has been around for too long and needs to be dealt with. This act is not right, God is the only one who should be judging anyone. A different skin tone or race should mean nothing, everyone should be treated equal. African Americans still to this day, receive employment discrimination. More companies prefer to hire White†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"No one talked about the concept of cultural diversity as a mosaic or as a tapestry of multi-colored threads that when woven together created a vibrantly rich and textured fabric. â€Å"Real Americans† were white. â€Å"(147) Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston gives her audience an eye opening account of ho w The United States, a country which prides itself on its diversity, is filled with prejudice and discrimination wherever immigrants are concerned. Jeanne is a beast, she didn’t let anyone stop her from achieving her goals â€Å"Not even when I was told I should not continue with journalism major at San Jose State because I was ‘Oriental’ and a female. There were no jobs in the field. So I changed my major to social welfare. And when I was told again by the head of Juvenile Probation Services that they could not hire me as a probation officer because the community was not ‘ready’ for ‘Orientals,’ I did not protest†. Dealing with the same discrimination in my life I can fully relate to Jeanne, there really is nothing you can do but chalk it up and move on with life. I have been discriminated against because of the color of my skin my whole life. Sometimes people just hate me for no reason. Growing up I wasn’t picked or didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t get the rewards I deserved all because of my skin tone. Its not my fault that I put in the work to be the best that I can be and those who didn’t got the reward just because they were white. It is so hard to please theShow MoreRelatedRace Relations : A Resolved Issue?1644 Words   |  7 PagesGuyo Kotile Race Relations: A Resolved Issue? ENGL 1021-64 Prof. Larry Sklaney 3 Dec. 2013 Although the issue of race relations has died down since the civil rights movement, it is still present in politics and the work place today. Race relations works to better the rights of minority citizens and to lessen the gap between the races. With the facts stated above, race relations are an important issue in the United States of America. Race is a much discussed social and political topic. Race, especiallyRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The Act Of Making Or Perceiving A Difference1705 Words   |  7 PagesMerriam-Webster defines discrimination as, â€Å"the act of making or perceiving a difference† (Discrimination, 2017.) Does your skin color impact the quality of your work or the fortitude your resolve? It may seem that the answer to that question is quite clear, nonetheless, 32,309 cases of race/color discrimination were reported in fascial year 2016 (EEOC, 2017.) Prejudice and discrimination are often mistaken for one another, however, prejudice is the negative attitude toward a category of peopleRead MoreRacial Discrimination Of The United States1233 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Racial discrimination is defined as â€Å"when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status† (Thomas). Racial discrimination in the workplace is a real problem in our world today. Not only is it against the Constitution, but it is morally and ethically wrong. Throughout history, many people have fought for equality among races, and the fact that racism is still an issue inRead MoreEssay on Racism and The Latino Community1382 Words   |  6 PagesIn this world we are constantly being categorized by our race and ethnicity, and for many people it’s hard to look beyond that. Even though in the past many stood up for equality and to stop racism and discrimination, it still occurs. In this nation of freedom and equality, there are st ill many people who believe that their race is superior to others. These beliefs are the ones that destroy our nation and affect the lives of many. The people affected are not limited by their age group, sex, socialRead MoreEssay On The American Dream1004 Words   |  5 PagesDream: Is it Only a Dream? From the moment colonists stepped foot on American soil, freedom flowed through their skin. The new country would bring endless opprotunities to anyone who wished to pursue their dreams. Through years of effort, the United States was born and along with it a sense of equality and meaning. Today, America has much to stand for. Although times were rough along the way, the American dream is one of being free and having a voice. America has proven itself to be the land ofRead MorePolice Influence on Society Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesCJA/344 Historically, this nation of the United States has proven many times over its dominance over those who are different to those in power. The United States has proven time and again that it can and will discriminate against others it considers less than equal. This is proven and demonstrated to all U. S citizens and those who are not, in our history books throughout school. Every year affording student’s new information of how the United States demonstrates its power over those that are differentRead Moreaffirmative action1695 Words   |  7 Pagesthose who tend to suffer from discrimination, esp. in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination. In the 1940s: President Roosevelt signed an order making discrimination illegal in defense contracting. 1954: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that separate but equal facilities on the basis of race were unconstitutionally discriminatory. The Act of 1964: Congress passed the Civil Rights Act p rohibiting discrimination based on race, sex, national origin andRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Its Effect On Society1080 Words   |  5 Pageshistory and even today, racial discrimination continues to be persuasive in the world, especially in employment. Unfortunately, one’s race and background can affect their ability of getting a job. There may be many different reasons and causes as to why there is such an effect with one’s employment opportunity. Yet, racial norms have been embedded in labor markets and have shaped many different preferences ever since the start of it. Therein lies the problem of race in its ability to change an outcomeRead More The Great Recession of 2007: Job Discrimination in the United States1403 Words   |  6 Pages In December of 2007, the United States entered a recession that was ignited by the global financial crisis. A recession is a period of decline in economic activity. The Great Recession, as Americans referred to the recessi on of 2007, was the longest recession since the Great Depression (Homan Matthews , 2008). With inflation occurring and the housing market in shambles, Americans struggled to live during this horrific period in U.S. history. Millions of Americans are out of work, and U.S. companiesRead MoreEvery Day People In The World Deal With Racism And Discrimination,1608 Words   |  7 Pagesworld deal with racism and discrimination, whether it is in the workplace, at a college campus, or on a school s playground. People need to be informed on how it affects others, and how we could possibly stop discrimination all around. Children, teens, and even adults should not have to deal with such a matter of disrespect towards their race. This behavior is not how the United States should present themselves. According to Merriam-Webster, the definition of discrimination is the act of making or

American Business History for Motor Vehicle Assembler Free Essays

Contained in this essay is a business history for one of the first motor vehicle assemblers in the United States. Several aspects of the company and the entire industry would be discussed herein. The company’s organizational structure was at that time hierarchically arranged, with lower management and job levels reporting to top ones—all the way to corporate governance. We will write a custom essay sample on American Business History for Motor Vehicle Assembler or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company had a 5000-labor force; most were located in the assembling facilities as assemblers. Marketing employees were scattered all over the country and therefore gave the company a national outlook. Other than employees, the company had a network of associates that provided vital services and support. Like many other motor vehicle assemblers in the United States, this one, too, was initially located in Detroit, Michigan (Robert, 2005, p. 96). Among the reasons for locating in the Midwest was high concentration of various parts suppliers in the region, which helped reduce the cost of transporting to other areas. In addition, the high concentration of vehicle part makers and assemblers resulted to development of highly skilled population, whose employment increased company productivity. The three resources needed to run the vehicle assembler included parts and accessories, skilled labor and energy. All three components were widely available in the region and in abidance. In addition, company founders understood that increased demand for respective products would call for more of the three inputs and therefore chose to locate in Detroit, a city famed for its ability to provide industrial environmental support to motor assemblers (Nelson Stephen, 2001, p. 147). As mentioned earlier, parts and accessories were sourced from independent suppliers although the company was manufacturing some. Labor was readily available and the company embarked on retraining employees as a way of improving assembling skills. Power was bought from independent producers who had proved reliable on that front. The initial capital to start the business was $650 Million that was raised from banks and share offering. The company founders first embarked on seeking bank loan on which they raised about $250 Million. The industry’s potential to create money for investors led to several wealthy individuals seeking to provide capital for the company, on which another $150 Million was realized. These amount was however not enough capital, which led to founders floating shares in New York Stock Exchange. Investors from all walks of life applied for the stock. In fact, company shares were over subscribed by over 100 percent. The final products (motor vehicles) were supplied to customers through company owned dealerships in major cities (Stephen, 2003, p. 54). The company was also encouraging individual entrepreneurs to establish own outlets to market company products. Discounts and other incentives resulted to establishment of privately owned dealership all over the country, and thus gave the company a national outlook. The company was finally able to reach its target market—all Americans hungry of enjoying the newly found mobility (Haruhito Kazuo, 1995, p. 108). The motor vehicles were competitively priced in order to appeal to the target market. To publicize the products and create differentiation from competitors, the company was undertaking campaign tours throughout the country; privately owned dealerships were provided with assistance in marketing around respective jurisdictions. Despite the many benefits of mobility provided by motor vehicle, the company and the entire industry were concerned with fatal accidents, which resulted to legal considerations on assemblers’ liability (David, 2004, p. 18). Industry participants thus embarked on warning customers on the dangers and the need to be careful when operating motor vehicles. References David, A. (2004). The Genesis of American Mass Vehicle Production. Baltimore: JHU. Haruhito, S. Kazuo W. (1995). Fordism Transformed. New York: OUP. Nelson, L. Stephen, M. (2001). On the Line. Urbana: UoI. Robert, A. (2005). History of   US Auto Industry. Albany: SUNNY. Stephen, M.   (2003). Competition Management in US Auto Industry. Albany:   SUNNY. How to cite American Business History for Motor Vehicle Assembler, Papers

Alcohol and other Drugs Counseling Brain of Human Beings

Question: Discuss about the Alcohol and other Drugs Counseling for Brain of Human Beings. Answer: Introduction: A drug modifies the brain of human beings to foster compulsive drug abuse. Drug addiction is a chronic disease which impacts the brain and causes change in the structure and also the function of the brain. Moreover, it also leads to change in the self-control, behavior and ability to make sound decisions in life. Candy released in the year 2006 is a romantic Australian drama movie which is an adaptation of the book A Novel of Love and Addiction written by Luke Davies. This movie was directed by Neil Armfield and cast and crew of the film involves Abbie Cornish, Heath Ledger and Geoffrey. The film got international recognition for its plot which is based on the love affair between a couple whose relationship was in despair due to their drug addiction. In this essay, the character, her family and her psychological need will be highlighted. In addition to this, as a counselor in reference to the counseling model counseling process of the client will be discussed along with the ethical i ssues linked with this case study. According to the movie, Candy is a gorgeous and a smart woman who possess a lot of potential in her. She was a student of arts. She falls in love with young, charming and an aspiring poet known as Dan. Candy in the movie was portrayed as a replica of romance that could not restrict her in abandoning sappy romance for an aching reality. Dan sinks in his Bohemian lifestyle that involves drug addiction. Later both of them are trapped in the druggie lifestyle. The stuff that looked like fun and pleasurable turned out to be a misery. Dan was a successful con man and works on credit card scheme. Soon, the couple sinks due their horrifying drug (heroin addiction). The couple at this point started manipulating Candys family in order to extract money that can be used for meeting their substance addiction need. She was obstinate her attitude towards her parents was quite hostile (Taylor et al., 2016). The socio-economic condition of the couple became worst and comes down to degradation, prostitution and withdrawal. She miscarries after three days of trying to detoxify at home. Dans love for Candy was shown through the fact that Dan left drug addiction in order to live a clean life and reduce Candys suffering. In order to survive Dan worked as a labor. Candy was observed to suffer and her loneliness in Dans absence made her remain depressed. She eventually adapts the habit of smoking and loitered around with one of her neighbor. Candy becomes too erratic and her fickle minded nature forced her to elope from that place. This was a shock and Dan was encircled with grief and was traumatized. Such an action of Candy forced Dan to relapses the habit of drug. He returned to his mentor Casper in order to seek help and relief. But he lost his best friend due to drug overdose. Both these incident of losing his beloved and best friend was an emotional devastation for Dan. Later somehow he ma nages to get a job and adapted his writing habits. Eventually when Candy returns back to Dan, he refuses to accept her. The approach to Candy as my clients evaluation and therapy is within the Behavioral therapy domain of counseling theory. Cognitive Behavior Therapy has proved to be effective to treat Anxiety Disorders. According to my assessment in this case study the client is suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is one of such multi-problem mental health categories. A popular CBT model known as Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy is required in Candys treatment. The name f the client is Candy who was a young lady who is a student of arts and she is married. The scientific researcher established the thought that psychological acquaintance can be practically applied to medical problems which should be done in a mode in accordance with scientific methodology and convention. During the case assessment and formulation, as a counselor, I have observed certain facts. Candy the main character of the case study although was a beautiful lady with a jovial nature, her relationship with her parents was not of a normal relationship. Due to her aggressive nature, she did not share a good bonding with her parents. Her parents did not impose too much restriction in her life and accepted all her demands easily. This truth made her demand money from her parents in order to fulfill her needs. At this stage she psychologically required passionate love from a person. She got this love with Dan. Her flamboyant attribute attracted Dan towards her. Even she adapted the drug addiction of Dan. I have evaluated the fact that once her addictions began to get more expensive and neurochemically addictive drugs, she began to manipulate her parents to lend money, engage her in prostitution and other staffs to finance her lifestyle. Her medical history also reflects that she was into methadone to lead a better life. On doing her assessment I have found that, she has also experienced psychotic symptoms during her miscarriage. She remained depressed and felt lonely in her husbands absence. She felt mood swings and anxiety which was diagnosed as a Bipolar disorder. Although Dans desire and hard work to maintain a clean life helped her to abstinent from substance use, her depression and loneliness forced her to rephrase her lifestyle. According to my assessment, Candy has been a potentially good student in the field of Arts. Although her report reflects no past legal history, she later got involved in certain small crimes to maintain her lifestyle (Killeen et al., 2015). As a counselor, I would divide my treatment plan according to different session. In the first session, her initial behavior and mood would be assessed. Her extensive traumatic experiences would be revealed through a conversation (Kolind et al., 2015). Her descriptions might get devoid of important negative emotions and also repetitive PTSD numbing. In the second session I have discussed with her about her own expectation and goals regarding the therapy. Talking to her led would make me realize about her self-esteem. This would give me the idea of selecting the therapeutic strategies in order to meet the goal (Doukas Cullen, 2013). In the third session, I would plan on finalizing a treatment plan during our third session that could be the blueprint for additional sessions at CCS or social service support. In the fourth session, the basic principles of Candys treatment plan were prepared with others consultation. During this session, a long-term solution of her relationship and lifest yle dysfunction would be designed and implemented. In the last session, after the approval of the therapist and other coordination staff would be doing the follow-up to re-engage her into the treatment plan (Humbarger et al., 2016). The model that I shall chose for curing substance abuse of the chosen character is Psychotherapeutic model. This is regarded as one of the most widely accepted approaches for curing people who are involved in substance abuse. This approach enables people who are associated with drug abuse to focus more on motivation of people and foster development of coping and problem solving skills (Mistral, 2016). The approach is a combination of motivational, cognitive and behavioral techniques that allows the counselor to treat patients with a lot variance in the reasons for their drug abuse. In this type of model, strong emphasis is laid on being emphatic, flexible and client centered. As a counselor, one should focus mostly on developing skills of the client to prevent premature dropout. The focus of the counselor is to work with the client and for the client (Sampath, 2014). The counselor focuses on changing the inner beliefs and perceptions regarding substance abuse. The main objectives of this model are to teach the client to break their addictive cycle and total restriction from all mood-changing drugs. It also allows the client to cope up with problem solving skills and support and guide that might otherwise relapse (Holmes, 2012). Likewise, in the given case study, Candy shall also be cured using the Psychotherapeutic model. Knowing that Candy was involved in the use of drugs and sex and was constantly struggling for money, this shall become the best model, as it will help her in becoming a more confident person by removing their interest from drugs and substance. This model shall enable candy to develop her problem solving skills and shall guide her by making her realize that life is associated with much more things than just substance abuse. The reason why this model shall work in a positive way for Candy is that she will form a good alliance with the counselor making her aware of the negative influences of substance abuse (Bhatia et al., 2015). The ethical issues likely to be faced in counseling the client in the given case study involve dilemmas that are associated with the personal beliefs, values and judgments (Andronicos Achat, 2014). The history regarding how the society views an individual having addiction is burdened with misperceptions, emotions and biases, which have an effect on the care of the drug abusers (Mistral, 2016).For instance, in the settings of healthcare it is not unusual for the patients to be seen negatively, simply by being a labeled as abuser of drug (Bhatia et al., 2015). Due to the extremely charged nature of the field of substance abuse treatment, the tools for exploring the ethical dilemmas should be possessed by the providers. In the given case study, Candy had addiction towards drugs, and due to this, she suffered from depression (Klimas et al., 2014). Ethical issues are personal as well as societal (Holmes, 2012). There occurs a continuous struggle between legislating moralities for the wel l-being of the public and fighting to maintain the right to autonomy of an individual (Andronicos Achat, 2014). It is an extreme emotional nature of such concern, which takes and issue from a personal level to a societal level (Klimas et al., 2014). Drug counselors must adjust what is fit for them actually with what might be correct in view of expert norms. The experts of Substance misuse treatment who are social specialists, for instance, ought to be acquainted with the NASW Code of Ethics and may need to accommodate individual convictions with the callings code (Sampath, 2014). There likewise might be office measures that contention with an individual is close to home convictions. In either case, there is a steady need to weigh what may feel right by and by with the gauges and approaches of nature and calling. Maybe the most troublesome situation happens when there are clashes between the clinicians' qualities and the client practices. Experts realize that if a client debilitates suicide or manslaughter, there is an obligation to report. Yet, large portions of the day-by-day worries that emerge are not very straightforward (Klimas et al., 2014). Moral issues come up in various, apparently inconsequential ways. Much of the time , it might be to a great degree troublesome not to "push" the client toward a choice by underscoring certain data (Bhatia et al., 2015).In the case of nothing else, the inclinations ought to be recognized to the client. A client will then have the capacity to listen to what the specialist is stating, realizing that there is an inclination, and have the capacity for recognizing predisposition in advance (Holmes, 2012). In the end, it can be concluded that the patient in the given case study needs to be counseled properly so that she can recover from her substance abuse. Her extensive traumatic experiences would be revealed through a conversation. Her descriptions might get devoid of important negative emotions and repetitive PTSD numbing. In the second session, I have discussed with her about her own expectation and goals regarding the therapy. Talking to her led would make me realize about her self-esteem. This would give the idea of selecting the therapeutic strategies in order to meet the goal in an efficient manner. References: Andronicos, A., Achat, H. (2014). Drug and alcohol counsellors in community health settings reaching smokers from a low socio-economic community.Health Promotion Journal of Australia,25(2), 147-149. Bhatia, U., Nadkarni, A., Murthy, P., Rao, R., Crome, I. (2015). Recent advances in treatment for older people with substance use problems: An updated systematic and narrative review.European Geriatric Medicine,6(6), 580-586. Doukas, N., Cullen, J. (2013). Recovered Addicts Working in the Addiction Field: How do Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies Work with Substance Abuse Relapse among Addiction Counsellors who are in Recovery?.Journal of Addiction Research Therapy,2011. Gossop, M. (2015). The National Treatment Outcomes Research Study (NTORS) and its influence on addiction treatment policy in the United Kingdom.Addiction,110(S2), 50-53. Guppy, A., Johnson, P., Police, N. Y. (2013). Drug arrest referral schemes and forensic perspectives on the treatment of addiction.Forensic Psychology, 157. Holmes, D. (2012). Prescription drug addiction: the treatment challenge.The Lancet,379(9810), 17-18. Humbarger, O., Galanto, D., Saia, K., Bagley, S. M., Wachman, E. M., Brogly, S. B. (2016). Childhood Health and Development in a Cohort of Infants Exposed Prenatally to Methadone or Buprenorphine.Journal of Addiction Research Therapy,2016. Killeen, T. K., Back, S. E., Brady, K. T. (2015). Implementation of integrated therapies for comorbid postà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders in community substance abuse treatment programs.Drug and alcohol review,34(3), 234-241. Klimas, J., Cullen, W., Field, C. A., Problem Alcohol/Drug Use Guideline Development Group. (2014). Problem alcohol use among problem drug users: development and content of clinical guidelines for general practice.Irish journal of medical science,183(1), 89-101. Kolind, T., Frank, V. A., Lindberg, O., Tourunen, J. (2015). Officers and drug counsellors: New occupational identities in Nordic Prisons.British Journal of Criminology,55(2), 303-320. McLeod, J. (2013).An introduction to counselling. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Mistral, W. (Ed.). (2016).Integrated Approaches to Drug and Alcohol Problems: Action on Addiction. Routledge. Sampath, A. (2014). Law as an instrument to check traffic in narcotics and drug addiction. Tang, W. K., Morgan, C. J., Lau, G. C., Liang, H. J., Tang, A., Ungvari, G. S. (2015). Psychiatric morbidity in ketamine users attending counselling and youth outreach services.Substance abuse,36(1), 67-74. Taylor, M. F., Coall, D., Marquis, R., Batten, R. (2016). Drug Addiction is a Scourge on the Earth and my Grandchildren are its Victims: the Tough Love and Resilient Growth Exhibited by Grandparents Raising the Children of Drug-Dependent Mothers.International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-15. Wolfe, S., Kay-Lambkin, F., Bowman, J., Childs, S. (2013). To enforce or engage: The relationship between coercion, treatment motivation and therapeutic alliance within community-based drug and alcohol clients.Addictive behaviors,38(5), 2187-2195.